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Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate and refine the psychometric properties of the SPUR™ questionnaire to develop its scoring algorithm.

The 3 key outputs to keep in mind

• The validation of the scoring algorithm
• The validation that SPUR™ measures non-adherence
• SPUR™ covers the entirety of the adherence behavior continuum without gaps

Methodology

Data were collected through an online survey among individuals with type 2 diabetes in the United States. 501 participants completed multiple questionnaires, including SPUR™ and several validated adherence measures.

A Partial Credit Model (PCM) analysis was performed to evaluate the structure of the SPUR™ tool and verify the assumption of a single underlying latent variable reflecting adherence. The Item Characteristic Curve (ICC) of each SPUR™ item was computed to verify whether the response options were ordered in accordance with the scoring function specifications. A Person-Item Map was constructed.

Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analyses (PLS-DA) were conducted to confirm the four SPUR™ dimensions (S, P, U, R) and identify which hierarchically-defined items within each dimension needed to be answered by a patient.

Lastly, correlations were calculated between the latent trait of SPUR™ adherence and the other patient-reported adherence measures MMAS-8 and BMQ.

Conclusion 

The statistical analysis confirmed SPUR™ measures #non-adherence in T2D population. The Partial Credit Model used showcased that SPUR™ responses revealed one underlying latent trait, which was well correlated with the validated non-adherence tools MMAS-8 and BMQ.

Additionally, the Person-Item Map demonstrated that the SPUR™ items covered the entirety of the adherence behavior continuum without gaps.

These results suggest that SPUR™ can be used for efficient detection and profiling of patients facing adherence issues, and for the design of personalized patient support solutions.

                                                            Read the full publication 

For more information about the next steps of our research-program, visit our Lab Bench Page. 

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